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Symptoms and Diagnosis of ADHD

Many adults don't receive diagnosis until their symptoms cause serious difficulties at school, at work or home. Health professionals follow the diagnostic criteria in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision (DSM-5).

A complete evaluation will include ADHD symptoms checklists as well as standardized behavior rating scales. Health care professionals will inquire about the family history and examine the school records from the past.

Signs and symptoms

The symptoms of ADHD can affect the lives of a person at home, school or work. They can lead to problems in relationships and careers, financial issues or even a driver's permit. They can also trigger emotional stress. It's normal for everyone to struggle with concentration or being organized from time to moment, but if it becomes an ongoing problem that affects daily functioning, a health specialist may be able identify ADHD.

A health care professional must assess the person in two distinct environments, such as at home and in school, or in social and workplace situations. They must observe the person in these environments for a minimum of six months and must see that the symptoms are impairing their ability to perform. The symptoms also must be present prior to the age of 12. Children who meet diagnostic criteria for hyperactivity/impulsivity or inattentive type of ADHD usually are fidgety, talkative and have excess energy that keeps them from sitting still. They are usually unable to wait their turn, and they interrupt or intrude upon other children.

Children who suffer from the inattentive form of ADHD are incapable of sitting or waiting in silence and are unable to follow instructions or staying on task. They're usually daydreaming or distracted by their surroundings. They are more likely to be ignored and miss out on opportunities for learning, especially in elementary school, which can set them up for failure later in life.

The hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD is most common in children and involves the presence of at least six symptoms that include extreme restlessness, trouble with paying attention, constant movement or "on the go" behavior, excess energy and talkativeness. They have a difficult time waiting for their turn or sitting still. They also have difficulty controlling their emotions.

It is it's a relief to get the diagnosis of ADHD, but it is not always an easy process. It's normal to be embarrassed. However, honesty is the best policy. For some, a diagnosis will be the first time they've realized their struggles have a name. Having this understanding can change the way they think about themselves, which could cascade into positive changes.

Diagnosis

When it is about ADHD symptoms are evident at different times for kids and adults. For kids, they typically begin in elementary school, but for adults it's a little later. The symptoms can be mild, medium or even severe. They can also be a combination of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity or more focused on one or the other. In some instances the condition could be misdiagnosed as autistic or a mood disorder like anxiety or depression.

Speak to your doctor If your child or teenager exhibits indications of ADHD. They will do physical examinations, including vision and hearing, to make sure there's nothing other than ADHD. They will ask you and your child to complete an inventory of the symptoms. They will inquire about what the effects of their symptoms are on their school and personal life. They will also want to know about any previous issues.

For adults, a medical professional who's qualified to diagnose ADHD will conduct clinical interviews and behavior rating scales or checklists for symptoms to determine if they meet the criteria for diagnosis. Psychological tests may be used to assess your cognitive abilities, as well as how you process information and think. They may also perform a brain scan using the Neuropsychiatric EEG Assessment Aid (NEBA) that is FDA-approved. (NEBA) which measures the activity of certain areas of your brain that regulate the ability to focus and the ability to be impulsive.

Additionally, they'll review your medical history to determine if you've had any other mental health issues or injuries, such as head trauma or thyroid conditions that could cause similar symptoms. They may refer you to an extensive evaluation with psychiatrists or psychologists.

You must show at least six symptoms which started in childhood or before the age of 12. The symptoms must have been present for at minimum 6 months and cause significant problems in your daily functioning. Adults need to be able to meet a lower threshold in order to be diagnosed, however the same criteria apply: You must have at least five or more symptoms and these must interfere with your home, work and social life.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to reduce symptoms and improve functioning at school, home and at work. There are a variety of treatments available, including treatment with medication and behavioral therapy. Many people have success through lifestyle changes, for example, setting up a routine that is consistent by using a planner notebook and scheduling tasks ahead of time. Certain people might benefit from learning disabilities therapies such as metacognitive therapy, which aids them in improving their problem-solving abilities and organizational skills or cognitive behavioral therapy, which addresses thinking distortions, leading to low self-esteem and negative moods.

Health care professionals who are specially trained to recognize ADHD can suggest the most effective treatment for a person's situation. They will evaluate the person's symptoms, and if they are an adult, their school and childhood experiences. They will employ clinical interviewing, behavior rating scales, and symptom checklists to determine if a person is in compliance with ADHD diagnostic criteria. They may also inquire about family history of mental illnesses and physical illnesses. They will ask the person, their parents and teachers about their moods, behaviors and attitudes and about how they've changed over time.

A diagnosis of ADHD is based on the presence of more than six symptoms that start before age 12 and create difficulties in two or more settings (home school, social situations). The symptoms must be present for at least six months. The symptoms must also be more severe than is normal for someone of this age.

A medical checkup is usually performed to make sure that the patient does not have any other health problems. Doctors will examine the person's symptoms and medical and psychiatric background and may recommend an eye exam or hearing test.  adhd adults diagnosis uk  with ADHD have a genetic predisposition to develop the disorder. If a person has a parent or a sibling with ADHD, they have about 91% of the chance of developing the disorder themselves. ADHD is often associated with a mood or anxiety disorder. These disorders are more difficult to treat than ADHD on its own.

Prevention

Many things, including certain medical conditions, as well as learning disabilities, can lead to symptoms similar to those of ADHD. Therefore, it's essential to visit a health care provider or mental health professional for an evaluation before making the diagnosis. The person you see will inquire about the symptoms of your child and how they impact their daily lives. They may use checklists or rating scales to determine if your child is ADHD. They can also conduct an examination and test for hearing or visual problems. They may also order an EEG brain scan, which analyzes beta and theta waves to determine changes in your child's brain function.

Children diagnosed with ADHD must show symptoms that are significantly greater than the norm for their age and development level. The symptoms of inattention, impulsivity or hyperactivity should cause a significant problem at home, school or work. The symptoms also need to affect your child's social interactions. If your child has moderate or severe ADHD symptoms, they will need treatment with medication to live the normal life.

Children with ADHD may find it difficult to follow instructions and stay on task and can result in low self-esteem and grades. They may also struggle with social interactions, since they are unable to recognize social signals. They frequently interrupt others and can appear aggressive or abrasive. They are susceptible to anxiety, depression as well as substance abuse and relationship issues.

People who have mild ADHD have symptoms that are noticeable but do not affect their daily lives or make it difficult to maintain relationships or work. Those with moderate to severe ADHD are more likely to experience symptoms, and are more likely to have problems at work, including difficulties keeping a job or interacting with colleagues.

People who don't receive treatment could face grave consequences, such as financial difficulties, health problems, and legal issues. There are a number of treatments for ADHD that include psychosocial and behavioral therapy, diet and nutrition, exercise sleeping improvements, and medication. NIMH offers more information on these options and how to speak with your family members about them.